Post by Mr Modica on Sept 26, 2015 20:41:51 GMT
The Rise of Hitler- To Chancellor 1919 – Jan 30 1933
The Treaty of Versailles 1919
•Lost Alsace Lorraine to France, Army reduced to 100,000, Pay £6.6 Billion in Reparations and accept guilt of starting the war (Clause 231)
•Germans called it a Diktat – dictated peace
•“November criminals” (democratic politicians who signed the treaty) “stabbed them in the back”
•German people wanted revenge for their humiliation
•Hitler hated the treaty and promised to rip it up
Weakness of the Weimar Republic
•Chaos and anarchy across Germany - Kapp Putsch 1920
•Assassinations of leading politicians Erzberger and Rathenau
•Government looked weak and out of control
Hyper Inflation 1923
•Prices rose rapidly as value of money fell.
•Caused by the French invasion of the Ruhr when reparations weren’t paid, workers in Ruhr went on strike, Government printed money to pay them and destroyed the economy
•People got paid twice a day, bartering took place, carried money in a wheelbarrow
•Middle class lost savings, OAP pensions lost value
•Farmers did well, as did people in debt
•The Government looked weak and the people lost everything
Munich Putsch 1923 (Beer hall Putsch)
•Synopsis of story – Hitler wanted to take over Munich (capital of Bavaria) then march and take Berlin. He needed support of Kahr (leader of Bavaria); Kahr agreed to support Hitler (gun put to his head at the Beer Hall); Hitler let him go (mistake); Kahr told the police; the police ambushed Hitler the next day; 16 Nazis were killed, Hitler was shot and arrested
•Sentenced to 5 Years, served 9 months in Landsberg prison but was treated well
•Short term failure, Long term success – publicity for the Nazis (Hitler became a national figure), wrote ‘Mein Kampf’ and realised the path to power should be “Ballot not the bullet” to stay in power
Stresemann Years 1924 – 1929
· Strong leader
· Sorts out Hyperinflation, workers go back to work, stops printing money, introduces the Rentenmark, takes loans from America, Dawes and Young Plans
· Makes Germany internationally respectable again – they join the League of Nations, he signs the Locarno Treaty
· Hitler has no chance of gaining power as Stresemann is so popular
1929 – A very bad year for Germany
•Stresemann dies
•Wall street Crash – USA asks for it’s borrowed money back
•Unemployment starts to rise and is at 6 million by 1932
•Democratic government looks weak (again) especially to the middle class
•People start to look for a radical alternative promised by the Nazis and Communists
Elections of 1932
•Big business support Hitler due to a fear of the rise of the Communists
•They pay for the Nazi campaign, “Hitler over Germany”, where he flies to speak to people in big stadiums
•Nazis become the largest party in the Reichstag (July 1932 230 seats)
•Seats fall in November 1932 to 196 and the Communists’ seats start to rise
The Deal
•The Chancellor was called von Papen in December 1932. Hitler was the leader of the largest party but no one would work under him as Chancellor. Hindenburg replaced von Papen with General Schliecher. Von Papen made sure that Schliecher’s government collapsed. Von Papen persuaded Hindenburg to make Hitler Chancellor and himself Vice Chancellor, hoping that he could control him.
•Hitler becomes Chancellor 30th January 1933, he is also the leader of the largest party in the Reichstag
•Von Papen had no chance at trying to control him (although he did survive the Night of the Long Knives, unlike Schliecher)
The Treaty of Versailles 1919
•Lost Alsace Lorraine to France, Army reduced to 100,000, Pay £6.6 Billion in Reparations and accept guilt of starting the war (Clause 231)
•Germans called it a Diktat – dictated peace
•“November criminals” (democratic politicians who signed the treaty) “stabbed them in the back”
•German people wanted revenge for their humiliation
•Hitler hated the treaty and promised to rip it up
Weakness of the Weimar Republic
•Chaos and anarchy across Germany - Kapp Putsch 1920
•Assassinations of leading politicians Erzberger and Rathenau
•Government looked weak and out of control
Hyper Inflation 1923
•Prices rose rapidly as value of money fell.
•Caused by the French invasion of the Ruhr when reparations weren’t paid, workers in Ruhr went on strike, Government printed money to pay them and destroyed the economy
•People got paid twice a day, bartering took place, carried money in a wheelbarrow
•Middle class lost savings, OAP pensions lost value
•Farmers did well, as did people in debt
•The Government looked weak and the people lost everything
Munich Putsch 1923 (Beer hall Putsch)
•Synopsis of story – Hitler wanted to take over Munich (capital of Bavaria) then march and take Berlin. He needed support of Kahr (leader of Bavaria); Kahr agreed to support Hitler (gun put to his head at the Beer Hall); Hitler let him go (mistake); Kahr told the police; the police ambushed Hitler the next day; 16 Nazis were killed, Hitler was shot and arrested
•Sentenced to 5 Years, served 9 months in Landsberg prison but was treated well
•Short term failure, Long term success – publicity for the Nazis (Hitler became a national figure), wrote ‘Mein Kampf’ and realised the path to power should be “Ballot not the bullet” to stay in power
Stresemann Years 1924 – 1929
· Strong leader
· Sorts out Hyperinflation, workers go back to work, stops printing money, introduces the Rentenmark, takes loans from America, Dawes and Young Plans
· Makes Germany internationally respectable again – they join the League of Nations, he signs the Locarno Treaty
· Hitler has no chance of gaining power as Stresemann is so popular
1929 – A very bad year for Germany
•Stresemann dies
•Wall street Crash – USA asks for it’s borrowed money back
•Unemployment starts to rise and is at 6 million by 1932
•Democratic government looks weak (again) especially to the middle class
•People start to look for a radical alternative promised by the Nazis and Communists
Elections of 1932
•Big business support Hitler due to a fear of the rise of the Communists
•They pay for the Nazi campaign, “Hitler over Germany”, where he flies to speak to people in big stadiums
•Nazis become the largest party in the Reichstag (July 1932 230 seats)
•Seats fall in November 1932 to 196 and the Communists’ seats start to rise
The Deal
•The Chancellor was called von Papen in December 1932. Hitler was the leader of the largest party but no one would work under him as Chancellor. Hindenburg replaced von Papen with General Schliecher. Von Papen made sure that Schliecher’s government collapsed. Von Papen persuaded Hindenburg to make Hitler Chancellor and himself Vice Chancellor, hoping that he could control him.
•Hitler becomes Chancellor 30th January 1933, he is also the leader of the largest party in the Reichstag
•Von Papen had no chance at trying to control him (although he did survive the Night of the Long Knives, unlike Schliecher)